An alloy based on
nickel with other elements added is called a nickel alloy. Nickel has good mechanical, physical and chemical properties, adding appropriate elements can improve its oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature strength and improve some physical properties. Nickel alloy can be used as electronic tube material, precision alloy (magnetic alloy, precision resistance alloy, electric heating alloy, etc.), nickel-based superalloy, nickel-based corrosion resistant alloy and shape memory alloy, etc. Nickel alloys are widely used in energy development, chemicals, electronics, navigation, aviation and aerospace sectors.
Nickel can form alloys with copper, iron, manganese, chromium, silicon and magnesium. Among them, nickel-copper alloy is the famous Monel alloy, which has high strength, good plasticity, and stable chemical performance in the atmosphere below 750 degrees. It is widely used in the electrical industry, vacuum tube, chemical industry, medical equipment and Marine ship industry.
1, nickel-based superalloy: the main alloy elements are chromium,
tungsten,
molybdenum, cobalt, aluminum,
titanium, boron, zirconium and so on. Among them, chromium plays an anti-oxidation and anti-corrosion role, and other elements play a strengthening role. It has high strength, oxidation resistance and gas corrosion resistance at 650 ~ 1000℃. It is the most widely used alloy with the highest high temperature strength. Used in the manufacture of aero-engine blades and high-temperature components for rocket engines, nuclear reactors and energy conversion equipment.
2, nickel base corrosion resistant alloy: the main alloy elements are copper, chromium, molybdenum. It has good comprehensive properties and can resist various acid corrosion and stress corrosion. The earliest application is nickel-copper alloy, also known as Monel alloy; In addition, there are nickel-chromium alloy, nickel-molybdenum alloy, nickel-chromium molybdenum alloy and so on. Used for manufacturing various corrosion resistant parts.
3, nickel based wear resistant alloy: the main alloy elements are chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, but also contains a small amount of
niobium,
tantalum and indium. In addition to wear resistance, its oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, welding performance is good. It can be used to manufacture wear-resistant parts, or as coating material, which can be coated on the surface of other matrix materials by surfacing and spraying process.
4, nickel base precision alloy: including nickel base soft magnetic alloy, nickel base precision resistance alloy and nickel base electric heating alloy, etc. The most commonly used soft magnetic alloy is the bose alloy containing about 80% nickel, which has high maximum permeability and initial permeability, low coercivity, and is an important iron core material in the electronics industry. The main alloying elements of nickel-based precision resistance alloy are chromium, aluminum and copper. This alloy has high resistivity, low resistivity temperature coefficient and good corrosion resistance, and is used for making resistors. Nickel-based electric heating alloy is a nickel alloy containing 20% chromium, has good oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, can be used in 1000 ~ 1100℃ temperature for a long time.
5, Nickel-based shape memory alloy: nickel alloy containing 50 (at)% titanium. Its recovery temperature is 70℃, shape memory effect is good. The recovery temperature can be changed from 30 ℃ to 100℃ by changing the composition ratio of ni to Ti. It is mainly used in the manufacture of automatic opening structures used in spacecraft, self-excitation fasteners used in aerospace industry, artificial heart motors used in biomedicine and so on.
