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Applications of titanium alloys

Titanium alloy is mainly used in the production of aircraft engine compressor parts, followed by rockets, missiles and high-speed aircraft structural parts. By the mid-1960s, titanium and its alloys had been used in the general industry, making electrodes for electrolysis, condensers for power stations, heaters for petroleum refining and seawater desalination, and environmental pollution control devices. Titanium and its alloys have become corrosion-resistant structural materials. In addition, it is also used to produce hydrogen storage materials and shape memory alloys.

China began to study titanium and titanium alloys in 1956.In the mid-1960s, the industrial production of titanium began and TB2 alloy was developed. Titanium alloy is a new important structural material used in aerospace industry. Its specific gravity, strength and service temperature are between aluminum and steel, but it has high specific strength and excellent seawater corrosion resistance and ultra-low temperature performance. In 1950, the U.S. first used f-84 fighter-bombers as rear fuselage heat shield, wind shield, tail cover and other non-bearing components. Since the 1960s, the use of titanium alloy has shifted from the aft fuselage to the middle fuselage, partially replacing the structural steel to manufacture the insulation frame, beam, flap slide track and other important load-bearing components. The use of titanium alloy in military aircraft is increasing rapidly, reaching 20% ~ 25% of the structural weight of aircraft. Since the 1970s, civil aircraft began to use a large number of titanium alloy, such as the Boeing 747 with more than 3640 kilograms of titanium. Aircraft with Mach numbers less than 2.5 use titanium mainly to replace steel to reduce structural weight. For another example, the US SR-71 high-altitude high-speed reconnaissance aircraft (flying Mach 3 and flying at an altitude of 2,621 meters), with titanium accounting for 93% of the weight of the aircraft structure, is called "all-titanium" aircraft. When the thrust ratio of the aero-engine increases from 4 ~ 6 to 8 ~ 1 0, the compressor outlet temperature increases from 200 ~ 300°C to 500 ~ 600°C accordingly, the low pressure compressor disk and blade made of aluminum must be replaced by titanium alloy, or titanium alloy is used instead of stainless steel to make high pressure compressor disk and blade, in order to reduce the structural weight. In the 1970s, the amount of titanium alloy used in aero-engines generally accounted for 20% ~ 30% of the total structural weight, and it was mainly used for manufacturing compressor parts, such as forging titanium fan, compressor disc and blade, casting titanium compressor casing, intermediate casing, bearing housing, etc. The spacecrafts make use of the high specific strength, corrosion resistance and low temperature resistance of titanium alloy to manufacture various pressure vessels, fuel tanks, fasteners, instrument straps, frames and rocket shells. Titanium alloy plates are also used for welding of man-made satellites, lunar modules, manned spacecraft and space shuttles.
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